Which adjective describes someone who is 'parsimonious'?

The term 'parsimonious' refers to someone who is unwilling to spend money or use resources freely; in other words, it describes a person who is stingy or miserly. This aligns perfectly with the choice that indicates being stingy and miserly, as it captures the essence of being excessively frugal or careful with money, often to a fault. This behavior is characterized by an aversion to sharing or using resources, which is the core idea behind being parsimonious.

The other choices describe opposing traits, such as generosity, wealth, and carefreeness, which do not connect to the concept of being parsimonious at all. Generosity and giving imply a willingness to share and spend, while wealthy and lavish suggests an abundance and opulence. Carefree and spontaneous denote a lack of concern for spending or saving, which is contrary to the idea of being parsimonious. Thus, the adjective that accurately captures the meaning of 'parsimonious' is indeed one that describes a stingy and miserly disposition.