Which term describes something having limits or lasting for a limited time?

The term that best describes something having limits or lasting for a limited time is "finite." This word is derived from the Latin term "finitus," which means "limited" or "enclosed." In various contexts, such as mathematics or philosophy, finite signifies something that can be counted, measured, or is subject to boundaries. For example, a finite resource like fossil fuels exists in a limited quantity and cannot be renewed as quickly as it is consumed.

The other options, while valid words with specific meanings, do not convey the notion of limitations or a restricted duration. "Affiliated" relates to being connected or associated with a group or organization. "Cogent" describes something that is clear, logical, and convincing, usually in terms of an argument or reasoning. "Ascertain" means to find out or determine something with certainty. None of these words encompass the concept of having limits or being temporary.